The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 15
Sid in Ice Age is a ground sloth; giant ground sloths, some as big as elephants, walked the Americas until about 10,000 years ago, and scientists think people hunting and a changing climate helped wipe them out.
Who acts: Sid, scientists, people · What happens: be, walk, think, hunt, change, help · To what, where: ground sloth, Americas, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sid, scientists, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sid | Sid | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 sloth | nsubj |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 Age | case |
| 3 | Ice | Ice | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Age | compound |
| 4 | Age | age | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Sid | nmod |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 sloth | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 sloth | det |
| 7 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sloth | compound |
| 8 | sloth | sloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 walked | parataxis |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 sloths | punct |
| 10 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 sloths | amod |
| 11 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sloths | compound |
| 12 | sloths | sloth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 sloth | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 big | punct |
| 14 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 16 big | nsubj |
| 15 | as | as | ADV | _ | 16 big | advmod |
| 16 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 sloths | parataxis |
| 17 | as | as | ADP | _ | 18 elephants | case |
| 18 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 big | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 sloth | punct |
| 20 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Americas | det |
| 22 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 20 walked | obj |
| 23 | until | until | ADP | _ | 26 years | case |
| 24 | about | about | ADV | _ | 25 10,000 | advmod |
| 25 | 10,000 | 10000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 years | nummod |
| 26 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 walked | obl:unmarked |
| 27 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 26 years | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 think | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 think | cc |
| 30 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 think | nsubj |
| 31 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 walked | conj |
| 32 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 helped | nsubj |
| 33 | hunting | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 people | acl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 climate | cc |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 climate | det |
| 36 | changing | change | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 climate | amod |
| 37 | climate | climate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 people | conj |
| 38 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 think | ccomp |
| 39 | wipe | wipe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 helped | xcomp |
| 40 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 wipe | obj |
| 41 | out | out | ADP | _ | 39 wipe | compound:prt |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 sloth | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Sid in Ice Age | a ground sloth and giant ground sloths | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | walk | past | the Americas | year | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent americas=Agent | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | present | scientists | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | hunt | gerund | people and a changing climate not said here | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | change | gerund | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | help | past | people and a changing climate | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | wipe out | infinitive | people and a changing climate not said here | people | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent they=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/15/