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The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 15

Sid in Ice Age is a ground sloth; giant ground sloths, some as big as elephants, walked the Americas until about 10,000 years ago, and scientists think people hunting and a changing climate helped wipe them out.

Who acts: Sid, scientists, people · What happens: be, walk, think, hunt, change, help · To what, where: ground sloth, Americas, people · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sid, scientists, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

nsubjcasecompoundnmodcopdetcompoundparataxispunctamodcompoundconjpunctnsubjadvmodparataxiscaseoblpunctdetobjcaseadvmodnummodobl:unmarkedadvmodpunctccnsubjconjnsubjaclccdetamodconjccompxcompobjcompound:prtpunctrootSidPROPNinADPIcePROPNAgePROPNisAUXaDETgroundNOUNslothNOUN;PUNCTgiantADJgroundNOUNslothsNOUN,PUNCTsomeDETasADVbigADJasADPelephantsNOUN,PUNCTwalkedVERBtheDETAmericasPROPNuntilADPaboutADV10,000NUMyearsNOUNagoADV,PUNCTandCCONJscientistsNOUNthinkVERBpeopleNOUNhuntingVERBandCCONJaDETchangingVERBclimateNOUNhelpedVERBwipeVERBthemPRONoutADP.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1SidSidPROPNNumber=Sing8 slothnsubj
2ininADP_4 Agecase
3IceIcePROPNNumber=Sing4 Agecompound
4AgeagePROPNNumber=Sing1 Sidnmod
5isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin8 slothcop
6aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art8 slothdet
7groundgroundNOUNNumber=Sing8 slothcompound
8slothslothNOUNNumber=Sing20 walkedparataxis
9;;PUNCT_12 slothspunct
10giantgiantADJDegree=Pos12 slothsamod
11groundgroundNOUNNumber=Sing12 slothscompound
12slothsslothNOUNNumber=Plur8 slothconj
13,,PUNCT_16 bigpunct
14somesomeDETPronType=Ind16 bignsubj
15asasADV_16 bigadvmod
16bigbigADJDegree=Pos12 slothsparataxis
17asasADP_18 elephantscase
18elephantselephantNOUNNumber=Plur16 bigobl
19,,PUNCT_8 slothpunct
20walkedwalkVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art22 Americasdet
22AmericasAmericasPROPNNumber=Plur20 walkedobj
23untiluntilADP_26 yearscase
24aboutaboutADV_25 10,000advmod
2510,00010000NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card26 yearsnummod
26yearsyearNOUNNumber=Plur20 walkedobl:unmarked
27agoagoADV_26 yearsadvmod
28,,PUNCT_31 thinkpunct
29andandCCONJ_31 thinkcc
30scientistsscientistNOUNNumber=Plur31 thinknsubj
31thinkthinkVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin20 walkedconj
32peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur38 helpednsubj
33huntinghuntVERBVerbForm=Ger32 peopleacl
34andandCCONJ_37 climatecc
35aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art37 climatedet
36changingchangeVERBVerbForm=Ger37 climateamod
37climateclimateNOUNNumber=Sing32 peopleconj
38helpedhelpVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin31 thinkccomp
39wipewipeVERBVerbForm=Inf38 helpedxcomp
40themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs39 wipeobj
41outoutADP_39 wipecompound:prt
42..PUNCT_8 slothpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1is apresentSid in Ice Agea ground sloth and giant ground slothstree rules
2walkpastthe Americasyearvn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent americas=Agent
3think speech: otherpresentscientistsvn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4huntgerundpeople and a changing climate not said herevn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5changegerundvn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6helppastpeople and a changing climatevn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
7wipe outinfinitivepeople and a changing climate not said herepeoplevn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent they=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

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