Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, sentence 10
A Venus flytrap closes only if its trigger hairs are touched twice within about 20 seconds, so raindrops and dust do not waste its energy; in the wild it grows only in a small area of North and South Carolina in the USA.
Who acts: Venus flytrap, raindrops, soil · What happens: close, touch, not waste, grow · To what, where: trigger hairs, energy, wild
This is a sentence of the lesson «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venus flytrap, raindrops, soil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 flytrap | det |
| 2 | Venus | Venus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 flytrap | compound |
| 3 | flytrap | flytrap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 closes | nsubj |
| 4 | closes | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | only | only | ADV | _ | 11 touched | advmod |
| 6 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 11 touched | mark |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 hairs | nmod:poss |
| 8 | trigger | trigger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 hairs | compound |
| 9 | hairs | hair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 touched | nsubj |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 touched | aux:pass |
| 11 | touched | touch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 closes | advcl |
| 12 | twice | twice | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 11 touched | advmod |
| 13 | within | within | ADP | _ | 16 seconds | case |
| 14 | about | about | ADV | _ | 15 20 | advmod |
| 15 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 seconds | nummod |
| 16 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 touched | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 waste | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 waste | advmod |
| 19 | raindrops | raindrop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 waste | nsubj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 dust | cc |
| 21 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 raindrops | conj |
| 22 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 waste | aux |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 waste | advmod |
| 24 | waste | waste | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 closes | parataxis |
| 25 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 energy | nmod:poss |
| 26 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 waste | obj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 grows | punct |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 wild | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 wild | det |
| 30 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 grows | obl |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 grows | nsubj |
| 32 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 waste | advcl |
| 33 | only | only | ADV | _ | 32 grows | advmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 area | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 area | det |
| 36 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 area | amod |
| 37 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 grows | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 Carolina | case |
| 39 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Carolina | compound |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 South | cc |
| 41 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 North | conj |
| 42 | Carolina | Carolina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 area | nmod |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 USA | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 USA | det |
| 45 | USA | USA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 grows | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 closes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | close | present | a Venus flytrap | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | touch a condition, not said to happen | present · passive | soil's trigger hairs | second | twice property | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme | |||
| 3 | not waste | present · do-support | raindrops and dust | soil's energy | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient | ||||
| 4 | grow | present | soil | the wild | in a small area of North Carolina; in the USA | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wild=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/10/