Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, sentence 8

Peat is half-rotted dead plants, mostly bog moss, piled up over thousands of years; it grows only about 1 millimetre a year, because in cold, wet, acid, airless bogs rotting is very slow; peatlands cover only about 3 percent of the land but store more carbon than all the world's forests together.

Who acts: Peat, cold wet acid airless bogs, peatlands · What happens: rot, pile up, grow, be, cover, store · To what, where: Peat, dead plants, thousands, 1 millimetre, 3 percent, more carbon

This is a sentence of the lesson «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Peat, cold wet acid airless bogs, peatlands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Peat	peat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rotted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 rotted	aux:pass
3	half	half	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	5 rotted	compound
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 half	punct
5	rotted	rot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 plants	amod
7	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 rotted	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 moss	punct
9	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	11 moss	advmod
10	bog	bog	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 moss	compound
11	moss	moss	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 plants	appos
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 piled	punct
13	piled	pile	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 plants	acl
14	up	up	ADP	_	13 piled	compound:prt
15	over	over	ADP	_	16 thousands	case
16	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 piled	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 years	case
18	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 thousands	nmod
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 grows	punct
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 grows	nsubj
21	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 rotted	conj
22	only	only	ADV	_	23 about	advmod
23	about	about	ADV	_	24 1	advmod
24	1	1	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	25 millimetre	nummod
25	millimetre	millimetre	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 grows	obj
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 year	det
27	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 millimetre	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 slow	punct
29	because	because	SCONJ	_	42 slow	mark
30	in	in	ADP	_	31 cold	case
31	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 bogs	amod
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 cold	punct
33	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 bogs	amod
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 wet	punct
35	acid	acid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 bogs	amod
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 acid	punct
37	airless	airless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 bogs	amod
38	bogs	bog	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 slow	nsubj
39	rotting	rot	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	42 slow	amod
40	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	42 slow	cop
41	very	very	ADV	_	42 slow	advmod
42	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 rotted	conj
43	;	;	PUNCT	_	45 cover	punct
44	peatlands	peatland	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 cover	nsubj
45	cover	cover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 rotted	conj
46	only	only	ADV	_	48 3	advmod
47	about	about	ADV	_	48 3	advmod
48	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	49 percent	nummod
49	percent	percent	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 cover	obj
50	of	of	ADP	_	52 land	case
51	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	52 land	det
52	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 percent	nmod
53	but	but	CCONJ	_	54 store	cc
54	store	store	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	45 cover	conj
55	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	56 carbon	amod
56	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 store	obj
57	than	than	ADP	_	62 forests	case
58	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	60 world	det:predet
59	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	60 world	det
60	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	62 forests	nmod:poss
61	's	's	PART	_	60 world	case
62	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 store	obl
63	together	together	ADV	_	45 cover	advmod
64	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 rotted	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	rot	present · passive		Peat			tree rules
2	pile up	participle		dead plants not said here	thousands of years		vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme over thousand=Destination
3	grow	present	Peat	1 millimetre a year			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location millimetre=Theme
4	rot	gerund					vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	is	present	cold wet acid airless bogs			slow property	tree rules
6	cover	present	peatlands	3 percent of the land		together property	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme percent=Destination
7	store	present	peatlands not said here	more carbon		than all world's forests	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carbon=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/8/