Back to the wild: animals that zoos returned to nature, sentence 9
European bison were wiped out in the wild by 1927, but about 50 lived in zoos; they were bred and released in Poland and other countries, there are now thousands, and a few were brought to Kent in England in 2022.
Who acts: 50, thousands · What happens: wipe out, live, breed, release, be, bring · To what, where: European bison, wild, zoos, animals, Poland, few
This is a sentence of the lesson «Back to the wild: animals that zoos returned to nature» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (50, thousands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 bison | amod |
| 2 | bison | bison | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 wiped | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 wiped | aux:pass |
| 4 | wiped | wipe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | out | out | ADP | _ | 4 wiped | compound:prt |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 wild | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 wild | det |
| 8 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 wiped | obl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 1927 | case |
| 10 | 1927 | 1927 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 wiped | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 lived | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 lived | cc |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 14 50 | advmod |
| 14 | 50 | 50 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 lived | nsubj |
| 15 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 wiped | conj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 zoos | case |
| 17 | zoos | zoo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 lived | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 bred | punct |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 bred | nsubj |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 bred | aux:pass |
| 21 | bred | breed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 wiped | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 released | cc |
| 23 | released | release | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 bred | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 Poland | case |
| 25 | Poland | Poland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 released | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 countries | cc |
| 27 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 countries | amod |
| 28 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 Poland | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 are | punct |
| 30 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 31 are | expl |
| 31 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 wiped | parataxis |
| 32 | now | now | ADV | _ | 31 are | advmod |
| 33 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 are | nsubj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 brought | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 brought | cc |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 few | det |
| 37 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 brought | nsubj |
| 38 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 brought | aux:pass |
| 39 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 are | conj |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 Kent | case |
| 41 | Kent | Kent | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 brought | obl |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 England | case |
| 43 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 brought | obl |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 2022 | case |
| 45 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 39 brought | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 wiped | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wipe out | past · passive | European bison | the wild | by 1927 | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme in wild=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | live | past | 50 | zoos | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in zoo=Location | ||||
| 3 | breed | past · passive | animals = animal | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | release | participle | Poland and other countries | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer | |||||
| 5 | does | present | thousands | there | now | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 6 | bring | past · passive | a few | Kent | England | in 2022 | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to kent=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:114-back-to-the-wild.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/114-back-to-the-wild/9/