How real mice survive: squeezing, climbing and hiding, sentence 9

Mice have four front teeth, the incisors, which keep growing all their lives and are worn down by gnawing; mice can gnaw wood, plastic and even electric cables, which can cause fires; rats, squirrels, beavers and rabbits also have front teeth that never stop growing.

Who acts: Mice, incisors, electric cables, rats, front teeth · What happens: have, keep, grow, wear down, gnaw, cause · To what, where: four front teeth, lives, wood, fires, front teeth

This is a sentence of the lesson «How real mice survive: squeezing, climbing and hiding» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mice, incisors, electric cables, rats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 teeth	nummod
4	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 teeth	amod
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 incisors	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 incisors	det
8	incisors	incisor	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 teeth	appos
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 growing	punct
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 keep	nsubj
11	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 incisors	acl:relcl
12	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 keep	xcomp
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 lives	det:predet
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 lives	nmod:poss
15	lives	life	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 growing	obj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 worn	cc
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 worn	aux:pass
18	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 keep	conj
19	down	down	ADP	_	18 worn	compound:prt
20	by	by	SCONJ	_	21 gnawing	mark
21	gnawing	gnaw	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 worn	advcl
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 gnaw	punct
23	mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 gnaw	nsubj
24	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 gnaw	aux
25	gnaw	gnaw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 teeth	conj
26	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 gnaw	obj
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 plastic	punct
28	plastic	plastic	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 wood	conj
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 cables	cc
30	even	even	ADV	_	32 cables	advmod
31	electric	electric	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 cables	amod
32	cables	cable	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 plastic	conj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 cause	punct
34	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	36 cause	nsubj
35	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	36 cause	aux
36	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	32 cables	acl:relcl
37	fires	fire	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 cause	obj
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	39 rats	punct
39	rats	rat	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 have	nsubj
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 squirrels	punct
41	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 rats	conj
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 beavers	punct
43	beavers	beaver	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 fires	conj
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	45 rabbits	cc
45	rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 fires	conj
46	also	also	ADV	_	47 have	advmod
47	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 have	conj
48	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 teeth	amod
49	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 have	obj
50	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	52 stop	nsubj
51	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	52 stop	advmod
52	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	49 teeth	acl:relcl
53	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	52 stop	xcomp
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	have	present	Mice	four front teeth	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
2	keep	present	the incisors		tree rules
3	grow	gerund	the incisors not said here	incisors's lives	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location life=Theme
4	wear down	present · passive	the incisors not said here		vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»
5	gnaw	gerund	the incisors not said here		vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	gnaw	can	mice	wood and plastic and electric cables	vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Patient
7	cause	can	electric cables	fires and beavers and rabbits	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fire=Patient
8	have	present	rats and squirrels	front teeth	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
9	not stop	present	front teeth		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
10	grow	gerund	front teeth not said here		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:120-how-real-mice-survive.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/120-how-real-mice-survive/9/