Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?, sentence 10
Many dogs chase things that run away, such as cats, squirrels and balls; this is called prey drive, and it comes from their wolf ancestors; a cat that stands still and calm often leaves a dog unsure what to do.
Who acts: Many dogs, things, drive, cat · What happens: chase, run away, call, come, stand, leave · To what, where: things, this, wolf ancestors, dog · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many dogs, things, drive, cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 dogs | amod |
| 2 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 chase | nsubj |
| 3 | chase | chase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 chase | obj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 run | nsubj |
| 6 | run | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 things | acl:relcl |
| 7 | away | away | ADV | _ | 6 run | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 cats | punct |
| 9 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 11 cats | case |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 such | fixed |
| 11 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 things | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 squirrels | punct |
| 13 | squirrels | squirrel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 cats | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 balls | cc |
| 15 | balls | ball | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 squirrels | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 drive | punct |
| 17 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 called | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 called | aux:pass |
| 19 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 drive | parataxis |
| 20 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 drive | compound |
| 21 | drive | drive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 chase | parataxis |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 comes | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 comes | cc |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 comes | nsubj |
| 25 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 drive | advcl |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 ancestors | case |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 ancestors | nmod:poss |
| 28 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 ancestors | compound |
| 29 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 comes | obl |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 stands | punct |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 cat | det |
| 32 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 leaves | nsubj |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 stands | nsubj |
| 34 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 cat | acl:relcl |
| 35 | still | still | ADV | _ | 34 stands | advmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 calm | cc |
| 37 | calm | calm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 still | conj |
| 38 | often | often | ADV | _ | 39 leaves | advmod |
| 39 | leaves | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 comes | conj |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 dog | det |
| 41 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 leaves | obj |
| 42 | unsure | unsure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 leaves | xcomp |
| 43 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 45 do | obj |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 do | mark |
| 45 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 unsure | ccomp |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 chase | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chase | present | Many dogs | things | such cats and squirrels and balls | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | |||
| 2 | run away | present | things | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | call | present · passive | this | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | come | present | drive | cats's wolf ancestors | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from ancestor=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | stand | present | a cat | still | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | leave | present | a cat | a dog | often, unsure property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme | |||
| 7 | do | to-infinitive | a cat not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/10/