Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?, sentence 12

Bulldogs were bred by people to have short noses and flat faces; very flat-faced dogs often struggle to breathe, snore and overheat easily.

Who acts: people, faced dogs · What happens: breed, have, struggle, breathe, snore, overheat · To what, where: Bulldogs, short noses

This is a sentence of the lesson «Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, faced dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bulldogs	bulldog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bred	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 bred	aux:pass
3	bred	breed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 people	case
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bred	obl:agent
6	to	to	PART	_	7 have	mark
7	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 bred	advcl
8	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 noses	amod
9	noses	nose	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 have	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 faces	cc
11	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 faces	amod
12	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 noses	conj
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 struggle	punct
14	very	very	ADV	_	17 faced	advmod
15	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 faced	amod
16	-	-	PUNCT	_	15 flat	punct
17	faced	faced	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 dogs	amod
18	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 struggle	nsubj
19	often	often	ADV	_	20 struggle	advmod
20	struggle	struggle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 bred	parataxis
21	to	to	PART	_	22 breathe	mark
22	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 struggle	xcomp
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 snore	punct
24	snore	snore	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 breathe	conj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 overheat	cc
26	overheat	overheat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 breathe	conj
27	easily	easily	ADV	_	26 overheat	advmod
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 bred	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	breed	past · passive	people	Bulldogs		tree rules
2	have	to-infinitive	people not said here	short noses and flat faces		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient
3	struggle	present	faced dogs		often property	tree rules
4	breathe	to-infinitive	faced dogs not said here			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	snore	infinitive	faced dogs not said here			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	overheat	infinitive	faced dogs not said here		easily property	vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/12/