The Lion King: real lions, prides and the circle of life, sentence 4
But there is no elephant graveyard, and lions are not kings of a happy kingdom: about 20,000 to 25,000 wild lions are left, fewer than half of cubs live to two, and they rest up to 20 hours a day.
Who acts: elephant graveyard, lions, half · What happens: be, not be, leave, live, rest up · To what, where: kings, 25,000 wild lions
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Lion King: real lions, prides and the circle of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephant graveyard, lions, half), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 is | cc |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 is | expl |
| 3 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 6 graveyard | det |
| 5 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 graveyard | compound |
| 6 | graveyard | graveyard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 is | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 kings | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 kings | cc |
| 9 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 kings | nsubj |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 kings | cop |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 kings | advmod |
| 12 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 graveyard | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 kingdom | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 kingdom | det |
| 15 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 kingdom | amod |
| 16 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 kings | nmod |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 20,000 | punct |
| 18 | about | about | ADV | _ | 19 20,000 | advmod |
| 19 | 20,000 | 20000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 graveyard | nmod |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 25,000 | case |
| 21 | 25,000 | 25000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 lions | nummod |
| 22 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 lions | amod |
| 23 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 left | nsubj |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 left | aux:pass |
| 25 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 20,000 | acl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 live | punct |
| 27 | fewer | few | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 29 half | advmod |
| 28 | than | than | ADP | _ | 29 half | case |
| 29 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 32 live | nsubj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 cubs | case |
| 31 | cubs | cub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 half | nmod |
| 32 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 is | conj |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 two | case |
| 34 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 live | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 rest | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 rest | cc |
| 37 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 rest | nsubj |
| 38 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 live | conj |
| 39 | up | up | ADP | _ | 38 rest | compound:prt |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 hours | case |
| 41 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 42 hours | nummod |
| 42 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 rest | obl |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 day | det |
| 44 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 hours | nmod:unmarked |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 is | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | no elephant graveyard 20,000 and kings | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not is a | present | lions | kings | of a happy kingdom | tree rules | |||
| 3 | leave | present · passive | 25,000 wild lions | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 4 | live | present | half of cubs | to two | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | rest up | present | lions = lion | hour | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:124-the-lion-king-real-lions.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/124-the-lion-king-real-lions/4/