The Lion King: real lions, prides and the circle of life, sentence 7
A lion's roar can be heard about 8 kilometres away; lions roar to claim their land and keep in touch, and a cub only starts real roaring at about one year old.
Who acts: lions, cub, lion · What happens: hear, roar, claim, keep, start · To what, where: roar, land, touch
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Lion King: real lions, prides and the circle of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lions, cub, lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 lion | det |
| 2 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 roar | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 lion | case |
| 4 | roar | roar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | aux |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 heard | aux:pass |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | about | about | ADV | _ | 9 8 | advmod |
| 9 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 kilometres | nummod |
| 10 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 away | obl:unmarked |
| 11 | away | away | ADV | _ | 7 heard | advmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 roar | punct |
| 13 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 roar | nsubj |
| 14 | roar | roar | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | parataxis |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 claim | mark |
| 16 | claim | claim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 roar | advcl |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 land | nmod:poss |
| 18 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 claim | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 keep | cc |
| 20 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 claim | conj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 touch | case |
| 22 | touch | touch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 keep | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 starts | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 starts | cc |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 cub | det |
| 26 | cub | cub | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 starts | nsubj |
| 27 | only | only | ADV | _ | 28 starts | advmod |
| 28 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | conj |
| 29 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 roaring | amod |
| 30 | roaring | roar | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 starts | xcomp |
| 31 | at | at | ADP | _ | 34 year | case |
| 32 | about | about | ADV | _ | 33 one | advmod |
| 33 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 year | nummod |
| 34 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 roaring | obl:unmarked |
| 35 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 year | amod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | can · passive | a lion's roar | away property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | roar | present | lions | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | |||||
| 3 | claim speech: other | to-infinitive | lions not said here | lions's land | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent land=Topic | ||||
| 4 | keep | infinitive | lions not said here | touch | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in touch=Location | ||||
| 5 | start | present | a cub | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | roar | gerund | a cub not said here | year | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | roar | a lion | nom roar «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:124-the-lion-king-real-lions.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/124-the-lion-king-real-lions/7/