Mountains: life as you climb higher, sentence 10

Snow leopards of Central Asia use their very long fluffy tail for balance on cliffs and as a warm wrap; they have small round ears and wide furry paws like snowshoes, and they cannot roar, only make a puffing sound.

Who acts: Snow leopards, yaks · What happens: use, have, not roar, make · To what, where: long fluffy tail, small round ears, puffing sound

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains: life as you climb higher» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Snow leopards, yaks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leopards	compound
2	leopards	leopard	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 use	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 Asia	case
4	Central	Central	PROPN	_	5 Asia	flat
5	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 leopards	nmod
6	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 tail	nmod:poss
8	very	very	ADV	_	9 long	advmod
9	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 tail	amod
10	fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 tail	amod
11	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 use	obj
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 balance	case
13	balance	balance	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 use	obl
14	on	on	ADP	_	15 cliffs	case
15	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 balance	nmod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 wrap	cc
17	as	as	ADP	_	20 wrap	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 wrap	det
19	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 wrap	amod
20	wrap	wrap	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 balance	conj
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 have	punct
22	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 have	nsubj
23	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 use	parataxis
24	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 ears	amod
25	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 ears	amod
26	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 have	obj
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 paws	cc
28	wide	wide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 paws	amod
29	furry	furry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 paws	amod
30	paws	paw	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 ears	conj
31	like	like	ADP	_	32 snowshoes	case
32	snowshoes	snowshoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 paws	nmod
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 roar	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 roar	cc
35	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 roar	nsubj
36	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	38 roar	aux
37	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	38 roar	advmod
38	roar	roar	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 have	xcomp
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 make	punct
40	only	only	ADV	_	41 make	advmod
41	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	38 roar	conj
42	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 sound	det
43	puffing	puffing	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 sound	compound
44	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 make	obj
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 use	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	use	present	Snow leopards of Central Asia	yaks's long fluffy tail	for balance on cliffs and a warm wrap	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent tail=Theme for balance=Eventuality
2	have	present	yaks = yak	small round ears and wide furry paws like snowshoes		tree rules
3	not roar	can	yaks = yak			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	make	infinitive	yaks = yak not said here	a puffing sound		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:013-mountains-life-as-you-climb.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/10/