Mountains: life as you climb higher, sentence 13

Llamas mostly spit at other llamas, not at people, to settle arguments over food or space; llamas and alpacas come from the Andes and are cousins of camels.

Who acts: Llamas · What happens: spit, settle, come, be · To what, where: arguments, food, Andes, cousins

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains: life as you climb higher» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Llamas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 spit	nsubj
2	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	3 spit	advmod
3	spit	spit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 come	parataxis
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 llamas	case
5	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 llamas	amod
6	llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 spit	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 people	punct
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 people	advmod
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 people	case
10	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 llamas	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 settle	punct
12	to	to	PART	_	13 settle	mark
13	settle	settle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 spit	advcl
14	arguments	argument	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 settle	obj
15	over	over	ADP	_	16 food	case
16	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 arguments	nmod
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 space	cc
18	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 food	conj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 llamas	punct
20	llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 come	nsubj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 alpacas	cc
22	alpacas	alpaca	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 llamas	conj
23	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
24	from	from	ADP	_	26 Andes	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 Andes	det
26	Andes	Andes	PROPN	Number=Plur	23 come	obl
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 cousins	cc
28	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 cousins	cop
29	cousins	cousin	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 come	conj
30	of	of	ADP	_	31 camels	case
31	camels	camel	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 cousins	nmod
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 spit	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	spit	present	Llamas			at other llamas and people; mostly property	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	settle	to-infinitive	Llamas not said here	arguments	food or space		vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme argument=Location
3	come	present	llamas and alpacas		the Andes		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from andes=Initial_Location
4	is a	present	llamas and alpacas not said here	cousins		of camels	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:013-mountains-life-as-you-climb.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/13/