Mountains: life as you climb higher, sentence 3
Mountain animals are champions of cold and thin air: shaggy yaks with big hearts and lungs, ibex with grippy hooves on cliffs, marmots whistling a warning, a snow leopard wrapped in its own tail like a scarf.
Who acts: Mountain animals, marmots · What happens: be, whistle, wrap · To what, where: champions, warning, snow leopard, own tail
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains: life as you climb higher» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mountain animals, marmots), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 animals | compound |
| 2 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 champions | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 champions | cop |
| 4 | champions | champion | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 air | case |
| 6 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 air | amod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 thin | cc |
| 8 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 cold | conj |
| 9 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 champions | nmod |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 yaks | punct |
| 11 | shaggy | shaggy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 yaks | amod |
| 12 | yaks | yak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 champions | conj |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 hearts | case |
| 14 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 hearts | amod |
| 15 | hearts | heart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 yaks | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 lungs | cc |
| 17 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 hearts | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 ibex | punct |
| 19 | ibex | ibex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 yaks | conj |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 hooves | case |
| 21 | grippy | grippy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 hooves | amod |
| 22 | hooves | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 ibex | nmod |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 cliffs | case |
| 24 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 hooves | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 marmots | punct |
| 26 | marmots | marmot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 yaks | conj |
| 27 | whistling | whistle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 marmots | acl |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 warning | det |
| 29 | warning | warning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 whistling | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 leopard | punct |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 leopard | det |
| 32 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 leopard | compound |
| 33 | leopard | leopard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 yaks | conj |
| 34 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 leopard | acl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 tail | case |
| 36 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 tail | nmod:poss |
| 37 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 tail | amod |
| 38 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 wrapped | obl |
| 39 | like | like | ADP | _ | 41 scarf | case |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 scarf | det |
| 41 | scarf | scarf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 wrapped | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 champions | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Mountain animals | champions and shaggy yaks with big hearts and lungs and ibex with grippy hooves on cliffs and marmots and a snow leopard | of cold air | tree rules | |||
| 2 | whistle | gerund | marmots not said here | a warning | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Topic | ||||
| 3 | wrap | participle | a snow leopard not said here | air's own tail | like a scarf | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in tail=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:013-mountains-life-as-you-climb.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/3/