Ice Age: real woolly mammoths, sentence 13

Mammoths mostly ate grass and low plants of a cold, dry grassland called the mammoth steppe, perhaps over 150 kilograms a day, because grass gives little energy and a huge body in the cold needs a lot, ground by brick-sized ridged teeth.

Who acts: Mammoths, cold dry grassland, grass · What happens: eat, call, give, need, grind, ridge · To what, where: grass, mammoth steppe, little energy, lot · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mammoths, cold dry grassland, grass), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mammoths	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ate	nsubj
2	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	3 ate	advmod
3	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ate	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 plants	cc
6	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 plants	amod
7	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grass	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	13 grassland	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 grassland	det
10	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 grassland	amod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 cold	punct
12	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 grassland	amod
13	grassland	grassland	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 plants	nmod
14	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 grassland	acl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 steppe	det
16	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 steppe	compound
17	steppe	steppe	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 called	obj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 kilograms	punct
19	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	22 kilograms	advmod
20	over	over	ADV	_	21 150	advmod
21	150	150	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	22 kilograms	nummod
22	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 steppe	nmod
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 day	det
24	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 kilograms	nmod:unmarked
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 gives	punct
26	because	because	SCONJ	_	28 gives	mark
27	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 gives	nsubj
28	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 ate	advcl
29	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 energy	amod
30	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 gives	obj
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 body	cc
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 body	det
33	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 body	amod
34	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 energy	conj
35	in	in	SCONJ	_	38 needs	mark
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 cold	det
37	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 body	nmod
38	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 gives	advcl
39	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 lot	det
40	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 needs	obj
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 ground	punct
42	ground	grind	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	40 lot	acl
43	by	by	ADP	_	48 teeth	case
44	brick	brick	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 sized	compound
45	-	-	PUNCT	_	44 brick	punct
46	sized	size	ADJ	Degree=Pos	48 teeth	amod
47	ridged	ridge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	48 teeth	amod
48	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 ground	obl:agent
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 ate	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	eat	past	Mammoths	grass and low plants of a cold dry grassland	mostly property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
2	call	participle	a cold dry grassland not said here	the mammoth steppe 150 kilograms a day		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent steppe=Recipient
3	give	present	grass	little energy and a huge body the cold		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
4	need	present	grass not said here	a lot		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lot=Theme
5	grind	participle		a lot not said here		vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
6	ridge	participle				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/13/