Ice Age: real woolly mammoths, sentence 2

Small ears and a short tail kept the cold out, because big ears lose heat; that is useful in hot Africa but dangerous on a frozen plain.

Who acts: Small ears, big ears, that · What happens: keep out, lose, be, freeze · To what, where: cold, heat, hot Africa, frozen plain

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Small ears, big ears, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 ears	amod
2	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 kept	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 tail	cc
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 tail	det
5	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 tail	amod
6	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ears	conj
7	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cold	det
9	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 kept	obj
10	out	out	ADP	_	7 kept	compound:prt
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 lose	punct
12	because	because	SCONJ	_	15 lose	mark
13	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 ears	amod
14	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 lose	nsubj
15	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 kept	advcl
16	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 lose	obj
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 useful	punct
18	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	20 useful	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 useful	cop
20	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 lose	conj
21	in	in	ADP	_	23 Africa	case
22	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 Africa	amod
23	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 useful	obl
24	but	but	CCONJ	_	25 dangerous	cc
25	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 useful	conj
26	on	on	ADP	_	29 plain	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 plain	det
28	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	29 plain	amod
29	plain	plain	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 dangerous	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 kept	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	keep out	past	Small ears and a short tail	the cold			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Theme
2	lose	present	big ears	heat			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality
3	is	present	that		hot Africa	useful property	tree rules
4	be		that not said here		a frozen plain		tree rules
5	freeze	participle					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/2/