The city as a habitat, sentence 15

House sparrows have nested in holes in buildings beside people for thousands of years, but they have become much rarer in some cities like London, and scientists are still working out why.

Who acts: House sparrows, sparrows, scientists · What happens: nest, become, work out · To what, where: holes, cities

This is a sentence of the lesson «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (House sparrows, sparrows, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	House	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sparrows	compound
2	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 nested	nsubj
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 nested	aux
4	nested	nest	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 holes	case
6	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 nested	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 buildings	case
8	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 holes	nmod
9	beside	beside	ADP	_	10 people	case
10	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 buildings	nmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 thousands	case
12	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 nested	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 years	case
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 thousands	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 become	punct
16	but	but	CCONJ	_	19 become	cc
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 become	nsubj
18	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 become	aux
19	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 nested	conj
20	much	much	ADV	_	21 rarer	advmod
21	rarer	rare	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	19 become	xcomp
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 cities	case
23	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	24 cities	det
24	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 become	obl
25	like	like	ADP	_	26 London	case
26	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 cities	nmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 working	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 working	cc
29	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 working	nsubj
30	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 working	aux
31	still	still	ADV	_	32 working	advmod
32	working	work	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 nested	conj
33	out	out	ADP	_	32 working	compound:prt
34	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	32 working	advmod
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 nested	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	nest	present · perfect	House sparrows	holes in buildings beside people		for thousands of years	vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	become	present · perfect	sparrows = sparrow			in some cities like London result; rare property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in city=Result
3	work out	present · progressive	scientists		still		vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/15/