The city as a habitat, sentence 5
City pigeons are descended from wild rock doves that nest on sea cliffs, and ledges on tall buildings are like cliffs to them; a war pigeon called Cher Ami carried a message that helped save nearly 200 soldiers in 1918.
Who acts: wild rock doves, ledges, war pigeon, message · What happens: descend, nest, be, call, carry, help · To what, where: City pigeons, wild rock doves, sea cliffs, Pigeons, war pigeon, message · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wild rock doves, ledges, war pigeon, message), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | City | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 pigeons | compound |
| 2 | pigeons | pigeon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 descended | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 descended | aux:pass |
| 4 | descended | descend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 doves | case |
| 6 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 doves | amod |
| 7 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 doves | compound |
| 8 | doves | dove | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 descended | obl |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 nest | nsubj |
| 10 | nest | nest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 doves | acl:relcl |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 cliffs | case |
| 12 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 cliffs | compound |
| 13 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 nest | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 cliffs | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 ledges | cc |
| 16 | ledges | ledge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 cliffs | nsubj |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 buildings | case |
| 18 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 buildings | amod |
| 19 | buildings | building | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 ledges | nmod |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 cliffs | cop |
| 21 | like | like | ADP | _ | 22 cliffs | case |
| 22 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 descended | conj |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 them | case |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 cliffs | nmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 carried | punct |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 pigeon | det |
| 27 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 pigeon | compound |
| 28 | pigeon | pigeon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 carried | nsubj |
| 29 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 pigeon | acl |
| 30 | Cher | Cher | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Ami | compound |
| 31 | Ami | Ami | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 called | xcomp |
| 32 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 descended | parataxis |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 message | det |
| 34 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 carried | obj |
| 35 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 helped | nsubj |
| 36 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 message | acl:relcl |
| 37 | save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 helped | xcomp |
| 38 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 39 200 | advmod |
| 39 | 200 | 200 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 40 soldiers | nummod |
| 40 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 save | obj |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 1918 | case |
| 42 | 1918 | 1918 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 37 save | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 descended | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | descend | present · passive | City pigeons | wild rock doves | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | nest | present | wild rock doves | sea cliffs | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | is | present | ledges on tall buildings | Pigeons = pigeon | like cliffs | tree rules | |||
| 4 | call | participle | a war pigeon not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | carry | past | a war pigeon | a message | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme | ||||
| 6 | help | past | a message | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | save | infinitive | a message not said here | 200 soldiers | 1918 | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/5/