The city as a habitat, sentence 8

Some city robins sing at night under streetlamps, because the light tricks them and night is quieter; great tits in noisy cities sing higher notes than forest great tits.

Who acts: city robins, light, night, great tits · What happens: sing, trick, be · To what, where: streetlamps, robins, higher notes

This is a sentence of the lesson «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city robins, light, night, great tits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	3 robins	det
2	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 robins	compound
3	robins	robin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sing	nsubj
4	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sing	obl
7	under	under	ADP	_	8 streetlamps	case
8	streetlamps	streetlamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sing	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 tricks	punct
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 tricks	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 light	det
12	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 tricks	nsubj
13	tricks	trick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sing	advcl
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 tricks	obj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 quieter	cc
16	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 quieter	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 quieter	cop
18	quieter	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 tricks	conj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 tits	punct
20	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 tits	amod
21	tits	tit	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 sing	nsubj
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 cities	case
23	noisy	noisy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 cities	amod
24	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 tits	nmod
25	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sing	parataxis
26	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	27 notes	amod
27	notes	note	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 sing	obj
28	than	than	ADP	_	31 tits	case
29	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 tits	compound
30	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 tits	amod
31	tits	tit	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 sing	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sing	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present	some city robins		streetlamps	night		vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under streetlamp=Location
2	trick	present	the light	robins = robin				vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
3	is	present	night				quiet property	tree rules
4	sing speech: express	present	great tits in noisy cities	higher notes			than forest great tits	vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location note=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/8/