Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules, sentence 14
Donkeys were tamed in north-east Africa about 7,000 years ago, and tens of millions still carry water, crops and firewood today.
Who acts: tens · What happens: tame, carry · To what, where: Donkeys, east Africa, water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Donkeys | donkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 tamed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 tamed | aux:pass |
| 3 | tamed | tame | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 Africa | case |
| 5 | north | north | ADV | _ | 7 east | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 north | punct |
| 7 | east | east | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 Africa | amod |
| 8 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 tamed | obl |
| 9 | about | about | ADV | _ | 10 7,000 | advmod |
| 10 | 7,000 | 7000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 years | nummod |
| 11 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 3 tamed | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 carry | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 carry | cc |
| 15 | tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 carry | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 millions | case |
| 17 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 tens | nmod |
| 18 | still | still | ADV | _ | 19 carry | advmod |
| 19 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 tamed | conj |
| 20 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 carry | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 crops | punct |
| 22 | crops | crop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 water | conj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 firewood | cc |
| 24 | firewood | firewood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 crops | conj |
| 25 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 carry | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 tamed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tame | past · passive | Donkeys | east Africa | ago property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | |||
| 2 | carry | present | tens of millions | water and crops and firewood | still; today | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules/14/