Myth check: are elephants scared of mice?, sentence 14
An elephant spreads its ears to look bigger and charges to scare a threat, but many charges are bluffs that stop before contact; flapping ears also cools it.
Who acts: elephant, many charges, bluffs, flapping ears · What happens: spread, look, charge, scare, be, stop · To what, where: ears, threat, bluffs, water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are elephants scared of mice?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephant, many charges, bluffs, flapping ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 elephant | det |
| 2 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spreads | nsubj |
| 3 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 ears | nmod:poss |
| 5 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spreads | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 look | mark |
| 7 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 spreads | advcl |
| 8 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 look | xcomp |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 charges | cc |
| 10 | charges | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 spreads | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 scare | mark |
| 12 | scare | scare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 charges | xcomp |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 threat | det |
| 14 | threat | threat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 scare | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 bluffs | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 bluffs | cc |
| 17 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 charges | amod |
| 18 | charges | charge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 bluffs | nsubj |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 bluffs | cop |
| 20 | bluffs | bluff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spreads | conj |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 stop | nsubj |
| 22 | stop | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 bluffs | acl:relcl |
| 23 | before | before | ADP | _ | 24 contact | case |
| 24 | contact | contact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 stop | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 cools | punct |
| 26 | flapping | flap | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 ears | amod |
| 27 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 cools | nsubj |
| 28 | also | also | ADV | _ | 29 cools | advmod |
| 29 | cools | cool | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 spreads | parataxis |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 cools | obj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 spreads | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spread | present | a elephant | water's ears | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ear=Theme | ||||
| 2 | look | to-infinitive | a elephant not said here | big property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | charge | present | a elephant not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | scare | to-infinitive | a elephant not said here | a threat | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus threat=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | many charges | bluffs | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | stop | present | bluffs | before contact | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 7 | flap | gerund | vn body_internal_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | cool | present | flapping ears | water | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:149-myth-check-are-elephants-scared-of-mice.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/149-myth-check-are-elephants-scared-of-mice/14/