Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, sentence 4
Picture the Arctic in winter: under the snow, in a hidden world near the ground, lemmings dig tunnels, build grass nests and even raise babies, while above them a snowy owl and an Arctic fox wait for one to pop up.
Who acts: you, lemmings · What happens: picture, dig, build, raise, wait, pop up · To what, where: Arctic, hidden world, tunnels, snow, grass nests, babies
This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, lemmings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Picture | picture | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Arctic | det |
| 3 | Arctic | Arctic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 winter | case |
| 5 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 snow | punct |
| 7 | under | under | ADP | _ | 9 snow | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 snow | det |
| 9 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 dig | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 world | punct |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 world | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 world | det |
| 13 | hidden | hidden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 world | amod |
| 14 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obl |
| 15 | near | near | ADP | _ | 17 ground | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 ground | det |
| 17 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 world | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 lemmings | punct |
| 19 | lemmings | lemming | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 dig | nsubj |
| 20 | dig | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Picture | parataxis |
| 21 | tunnels | tunnel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 dig | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 build | punct |
| 23 | build | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 dig | conj |
| 24 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 nests | compound |
| 25 | nests | nest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 build | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 build | cc |
| 27 | even | even | ADV | _ | 28 raise | advmod |
| 28 | raise | raise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 dig | conj |
| 29 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 raise | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 owl | punct |
| 31 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 36 owl | mark |
| 32 | above | above | ADP | _ | 36 owl | case |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 owl | nsubj |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 owl | det |
| 35 | snowy | snowy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 owl | amod |
| 36 | owl | owl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | parataxis |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 owl | cc |
| 38 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 fox | det |
| 39 | Arctic | arctic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 fox | amod |
| 40 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 owl | conj |
| 41 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 owl | conj |
| 42 | for | for | ADP | _ | 43 one | case |
| 43 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 41 wait | obl |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 pop | mark |
| 45 | pop | pop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 wait | advcl |
| 46 | up | up | ADP | _ | 45 pop | compound:prt |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Picture | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | picture | imperative | you not said here | the Arctic | a hidden world near the ground | winter | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent arctic=Theme | ||
| 2 | dig | present | lemmings | tunnels | the snow | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tunnel=Theme under snow=Location | |||
| 3 | build | present | lemmings not said here | grass nests | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product | ||||
| 4 | raise | infinitive | lemmings not said here | babies | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Theme | ||||
| 5 | wait | present | you not said here | for one | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | pop up | to-infinitive | you not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/4/