Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?, sentence 9
Small round bowls are bad for goldfish: their waste quickly makes the water dirty and short of oxygen, so they need a big tank with a filter; a fish that keeps gulping at the surface may be short of oxygen.
Who acts: Small round bowls, waste, Fish · What happens: be, make, need, keep, gulp · To what, where: water, big tank, surface
This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Small round bowls, waste, Fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 bowls | amod |
| 2 | round | round | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 bowls | amod |
| 3 | bowls | bowl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 bad | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 bad | cop |
| 5 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 goldfish | case |
| 7 | goldfish | goldfish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 bad | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 makes | punct |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 waste | nmod:poss |
| 10 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 makes | nsubj |
| 11 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 12 makes | advmod |
| 12 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 bad | parataxis |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 water | det |
| 14 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 makes | obj |
| 15 | dirty | dirty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 makes | xcomp |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 short | cc |
| 17 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 dirty | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 oxygen | case |
| 19 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 short | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 need | punct |
| 21 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 need | advmod |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 need | nsubj |
| 23 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 bad | parataxis |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 tank | det |
| 25 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 tank | amod |
| 26 | tank | tank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 need | obj |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 filter | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 filter | det |
| 29 | filter | filter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 tank | nmod |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 fish | punct |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 fish | det |
| 32 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 short | nsubj |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 keeps | nsubj |
| 34 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 fish | acl:relcl |
| 35 | gulping | gulp | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 keeps | xcomp |
| 36 | at | at | ADP | _ | 38 surface | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 surface | det |
| 38 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 gulping | obl |
| 39 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 short | aux |
| 40 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 41 short | cop |
| 41 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 bad | conj |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 oxygen | case |
| 43 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 short | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 bad | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- hedged
- yes
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Small round bowls | for goldfish; bad property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | present | Fish's waste | the water | dirty, quickly property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset water=Product | |||
| 3 | need | present | Fish | a big tank | with a filter | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot tank=Theme | |||
| 4 | keep | present | a fish | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | gulp | gerund | a fish not said here | the surface | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | is | may | a fish | of oxygen; short property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:152-goldfish-memory.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/152-goldfish-memory/9/