Myth check: are bats blind?, sentence 15
Many moths can hear bat calls and dive or drop to escape, and some tiger moths click back at bats, which may confuse the bat's echolocation or warn that the moth tastes bad.
Who acts: Many moths, tiger moths, bats, moth · What happens: hear, dive, drop, escape, click back, confuse · To what, where: bat calls, bats, echolocation · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many moths, tiger moths, bats, moth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 moths | amod |
| 2 | moths | moth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 hear | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 hear | aux |
| 4 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 calls | compound |
| 6 | calls | call | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 hear | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 dive | cc |
| 8 | dive | dive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 hear | conj |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 drop | cc |
| 10 | drop | drop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 dive | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 escape | mark |
| 12 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 dive | advcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 click | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 click | cc |
| 15 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 17 moths | det |
| 16 | tiger | tiger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 moths | compound |
| 17 | moths | moth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 click | nsubj |
| 18 | click | click | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hear | conj |
| 19 | back | back | ADV | _ | 18 click | advmod |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 bats | case |
| 21 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 click | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 confuse | punct |
| 23 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 confuse | nsubj |
| 24 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 confuse | aux |
| 25 | confuse | confuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 bats | acl:relcl |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 bat | det |
| 27 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 echolocation | nmod:poss |
| 28 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 27 bat | case |
| 29 | echolocation | echolocation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 confuse | obj |
| 30 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 warn | cc |
| 31 | warn | warn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 confuse | conj |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 35 tastes | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 moth | det |
| 34 | moth | moth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 tastes | nsubj |
| 35 | tastes | taste | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 warn | ccomp |
| 36 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 tastes | xcomp |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hear | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | can | Many moths | bat calls | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer call=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | dive | infinitive | Many moths not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | drop | infinitive | Many moths not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | escape | to-infinitive | Many moths not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | click back | present | some tiger moths | bats | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at bat=Location | ||||
| 6 | confuse | may | bats | the bat's echolocation | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echolocation=Patient | ||||
| 7 | warn speech: warn | infinitive | bats not said here | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 8 | taste | present | the moth | bad property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/15/