Myth check: are bats blind?, sentence 9

Bats hang upside down by their feet, and tendons lock their claws shut under their own weight, so hanging costs almost no effort.

Who acts: Bats, tendons · What happens: hang down, lock, shut, hang, cost · To what, where: upside, claws, own weight, effort

This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, tendons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hang	nsubj
2	hang	hang	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	upside	upside	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hang	obj
4	down	down	PART	_	2 hang	compound:prt
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 feet	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 feet	nmod:poss
7	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hang	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 lock	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 lock	cc
10	tendons	tendon	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 lock	nsubj
11	lock	lock	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hang	conj
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 claws	nmod:poss
13	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 lock	obj
14	shut	shut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 claws	acl
15	under	under	ADP	_	18 weight	case
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 weight	nmod:poss
17	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 weight	amod
18	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 shut	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 hanging	punct
20	so	so	ADV	_	22 costs	advmod
21	hanging	hang	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	22 costs	nsubj
22	costs	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hang	conj
23	almost	almost	ADV	_	25 effort	advmod
24	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	25 effort	det
25	effort	effort	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 costs	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hang	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	hang down	present	Bats	upside		by People's feet	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upside=Theme by foot=Destination
2	lock	present	tendons	People's claws			vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claw=Patient
3	shut	participle		People's claws not said here	People's own weight		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	hang	gerund					vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	cost	present		no effort			vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme effort=Value

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/9/