More animal myths: red rags, camel humps, porcupine arrows, toads and falling cats, sentence 1
Each of these has a grain of truth wrapped in a mistake: the bull really charges, the camel's hump really helps in the desert, quills really hurt, and cats really twist in the air.
Who acts: Each, bull, hump, quills, cats · What happens: have, wrap, charge, help, hurt, twist · To what, where: grain, mistake, desert, air
This is a sentence of the lesson «More animal myths: red rags, camel humps, porcupine arrows, toads and falling cats» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Each, bull, hump, quills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 has | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 these | case |
| 3 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 1 Each | nmod |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 grain | det |
| 6 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 truth | case |
| 8 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 grain | nmod |
| 9 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 grain | acl |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 mistake | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 mistake | det |
| 12 | mistake | mistake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 wrapped | obl |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 charges | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 bull | det |
| 15 | bull | bull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 charges | nsubj |
| 16 | really | really | ADV | _ | 17 charges | advmod |
| 17 | charges | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 helps | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 camel | det |
| 20 | camel | camel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 hump | nmod:poss |
| 21 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 20 camel | case |
| 22 | hump | hump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 helps | nsubj |
| 23 | really | really | ADV | _ | 24 helps | advmod |
| 24 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 charges | conj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 desert | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 desert | det |
| 27 | desert | desert | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 helps | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 hurt | punct |
| 29 | quills | quill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 hurt | nsubj |
| 30 | really | really | ADV | _ | 31 hurt | advmod |
| 31 | hurt | hurt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 helps | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 twist | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 twist | cc |
| 34 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 twist | nsubj |
| 35 | really | really | ADV | _ | 36 twist | advmod |
| 36 | twist | twist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | conj |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 air | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 air | det |
| 39 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 twist | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Each | a grain of truth | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Patient | ||||
| 2 | wrap | participle | a grain of truth not said here | a mistake | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in mistake=Destination | ||||
| 3 | charge | present | the bull | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | help | present | the camel's hump | the desert | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | hurt | present | quills | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | twist | present | cats | the air | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in air=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:154-more-animal-myths-from-cartoons.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/154-more-animal-myths-from-cartoons/1/