The Amazon river: pink dolphins, flooded forest, giant fish and piranhas, sentence 11
The giant water lily Victoria has floating leaves up to about three metres across, held up by air-filled ribs and guarded by spines underneath; a big leaf can hold a small child if the weight is spread evenly.
Who acts: giant water lily, big leaf · What happens: have, float, hold up, fill, guard, hold · To what, where: floating leaves, small child, weight
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon river: pink dolphins, flooded forest, giant fish and piranhas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (giant water lily, big leaf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 lily | det |
| 2 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 lily | amod |
| 3 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lily | compound |
| 4 | lily | lily | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 has | nsubj |
| 5 | Victoria | Victoria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 lily | appos |
| 6 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | floating | float | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 leaves | amod |
| 8 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 has | obj |
| 9 | up | up | ADV | _ | 13 metres | advmod |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 metres | case |
| 11 | about | about | ADV | _ | 12 three | advmod |
| 12 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 metres | nummod |
| 13 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 across | obl |
| 14 | across | across | ADV | _ | 8 leaves | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 held | punct |
| 16 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 leaves | acl |
| 17 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 held | compound:prt |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 ribs | case |
| 19 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 filled | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 air | punct |
| 21 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 ribs | amod |
| 22 | ribs | rib | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 held | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 guarded | cc |
| 24 | guarded | guard | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 held | conj |
| 25 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 spines | case |
| 26 | spines | spine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 guarded | obl:agent |
| 27 | underneath | underneath | ADV | _ | 24 guarded | advmod |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 hold | punct |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 leaf | det |
| 30 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 leaf | amod |
| 31 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 hold | nsubj |
| 32 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 hold | aux |
| 33 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 has | parataxis |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 child | det |
| 35 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 child | amod |
| 36 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 hold | obj |
| 37 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 41 spread | mark |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 weight | det |
| 39 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 spread | nsubj:pass |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 spread | aux:pass |
| 41 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 hold | advcl |
| 42 | evenly | evenly | ADV | _ | 41 spread | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the giant water lily | floating leaves | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | ||||
| 2 | float | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | hold up | participle | floating leaves not said here | by filled ribs | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 4 | fill | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | guard | participle | underneath property | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | hold | can | a big leaf | a small child | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Theme | ||||
| 7 | spread a condition, not said to happen | present · passive | the weight | evenly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:155-the-amazon-river.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×6, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/155-the-amazon-river/11/