The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens, sentence 4

Howler monkeys roar together to tell other troops where they are, and a hollow bone in the throat lets the sound carry several kilometres.

Who acts: Howler monkeys, monkeys, hollow bone, sound · What happens: roar, tell, be, let, carry · To what, where: other troops, sound, several kilometres · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Howler monkeys, monkeys, hollow bone, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Howler	howler	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 monkeys	compound
2	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 roar	nsubj
3	roar	roar	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	together	together	ADV	_	3 roar	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 tell	mark
6	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 roar	advcl
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 troops	amod
8	troops	troops	NOUN	Number=Ptan	6 tell	iobj
9	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	6 tell	ccomp
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 where	nsubj
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 where	cop
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 lets	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 lets	cc
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 bone	det
15	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 bone	amod
16	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 lets	nsubj
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 throat	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 throat	det
19	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bone	nmod
20	lets	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 roar	conj
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 sound	det
22	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 lets	obj
23	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 lets	xcomp
24	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 kilometres	amod
25	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 carry	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 roar	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	roar	present	Howler monkeys			together property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location
2	tell speech: assert	to-infinitive	Howler monkeys not said here		other troops		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent troops=Recipient
3	is	present	monkeys = monkey			where property	tree rules
4	let	present	a hollow bone in the throat	the sound			tree rules
5	carry	infinitive	the sound not said here	several kilometres			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilometre=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/4/