The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens, sentence 7
A toucan picks fruit with the tip of its beak and flicks it back into its throat; the beak is a light honeycomb of bone covered in keratin, the stuff of our nails, and also lets out body heat.
Who acts: toucan, beak · What happens: pick, flick, be, cover, let out · To what, where: fruit, light honeycomb, bone, body heat
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (toucan, beak), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 toucan | det |
| 2 | toucan | toucan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 picks | nsubj |
| 3 | picks | pick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 picks | obj |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 tip | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tip | det |
| 7 | tip | tip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 picks | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 beak | case |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 beak | nmod:poss |
| 10 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tip | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 flicks | cc |
| 12 | flicks | flick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 picks | conj |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 flicks | obj |
| 14 | back | back | ADV | _ | 12 flicks | advmod |
| 15 | into | into | ADP | _ | 17 throat | case |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 throat | nmod:poss |
| 17 | throat | throat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 back | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 picks | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 beak | det |
| 20 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 honeycomb | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 honeycomb | cop |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 honeycomb | det |
| 23 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 honeycomb | amod |
| 24 | honeycomb | honeycomb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 picks | parataxis |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 bone | case |
| 26 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 honeycomb | nmod |
| 27 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 bone | acl |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 keratin | case |
| 29 | keratin | keratin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 covered | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 stuff | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 stuff | det |
| 32 | stuff | stuff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 honeycomb | appos |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 nails | case |
| 34 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 nails | nmod:poss |
| 35 | nails | nail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 stuff | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 lets | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 lets | cc |
| 38 | also | also | ADV | _ | 39 lets | advmod |
| 39 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 picks | conj |
| 40 | out | out | ADP | _ | 39 lets | compound:prt |
| 41 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 heat | compound |
| 42 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 lets | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 picks | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pick | present | a toucan | fruit | with the tip of tip's beak | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient | |||
| 2 | flick | present | a toucan not said here | fruit | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | the beak | a light honeycomb | of bone | tree rules | |||
| 4 | cover | participle | bone not said here | in keratin | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in keratin=Theme | ||||
| 5 | let out | present | a toucan not said here | body heat | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/7/