The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 12

African lungfish dig into mud when the water dries up, wrap themselves in a slime cocoon and breathe air through a small hole until the rains come, sometimes for years.

Who acts: African lungfish, water, rains · What happens: dig, dry up, wrap, breathe, come · To what, where: surroundings, slime cocoon, air, small hole

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African lungfish, water, rains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 lungfish	amod
2	lungfish	lungfish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dig	nsubj
3	dig	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 mud	case
5	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dig	obl
6	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 dries	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 water	det
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 dries	nsubj
9	dries	dry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dig	advcl
10	up	up	ADP	_	9 dries	compound:prt
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 wrap	punct
12	wrap	wrap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 dig	conj
13	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	12 wrap	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	17 cocoon	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 cocoon	det
16	slime	slime	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 cocoon	compound
17	cocoon	cocoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wrap	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 breathe	cc
19	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 wrap	conj
20	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 breathe	obj
21	through	through	ADP	_	24 hole	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 hole	det
23	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 hole	amod
24	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 breathe	obl
25	until	until	SCONJ	_	28 come	mark
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 rains	det
27	rains	rain	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 come	nsubj
28	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 breathe	advcl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 sometimes	punct
30	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	28 come	advmod
31	for	for	ADP	_	32 years	case
32	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 come	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dig	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	present	African lungfish				into mud	vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent into mud=Patient
2	dry up	present	the water					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	wrap	infinitive	African lungfish not said here	surroundings	a slime cocoon			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme in cocoon=Destination
4	breathe	infinitive	African lungfish not said here	air	a small hole			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
5	come	present	the rains			year	sometimes property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/12/