Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted, sentence 13
Madagascar hissing cockroaches hiss by pushing air out of breathing holes on their sides, not by rubbing body parts as most noisy insects do; like all insects, they have six legs.
Who acts: Madagascar hissing cockroaches, insects · What happens: hiss, push, breathe, not rub, have · To what, where: air, breathing holes, body parts, six legs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Madagascar hissing cockroaches, insects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Madagascar | Madagascar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 cockroaches | compound |
| 2 | hissing | hiss | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 cockroaches | amod |
| 3 | cockroaches | cockroach | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 hiss | nsubj |
| 4 | hiss | hiss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 6 pushing | mark |
| 6 | pushing | push | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 hiss | advcl |
| 7 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pushing | obj |
| 8 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 holes | case |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 holes | case |
| 10 | breathing | breathe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 holes | amod |
| 11 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 pushing | obl |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 sides | case |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 sides | nmod:poss |
| 14 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 holes | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 rubbing | punct |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 rubbing | advmod |
| 17 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 18 rubbing | mark |
| 18 | rubbing | rub | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 hiss | conj |
| 19 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 parts | compound |
| 20 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 rubbing | obj |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 25 do | mark |
| 22 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 24 insects | amod |
| 23 | noisy | noisy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 insects | amod |
| 24 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 do | nsubj |
| 25 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 rubbing | advcl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 have | punct |
| 27 | like | like | ADP | _ | 29 insects | case |
| 28 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 29 insects | det |
| 29 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 have | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 insects | punct |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 have | nsubj |
| 32 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hiss | parataxis |
| 33 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 legs | nummod |
| 34 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 have | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hiss | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hiss | gerund | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | hiss | present | Madagascar hissing cockroaches | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | push | gerund | Madagascar hissing cockroaches not said here | air | breathing holes on cockroaches's sides | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent air=Theme out hole=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | breathe | gerund | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | not rub | gerund | Madagascar hissing cockroaches not said here | body parts | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent part=Theme | ||||
| 6 | have | present | insects = insect | six legs | like all insects | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/13/