The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils and runaway camels and toads, sentence 15

Cane toads were brought to Australia in 1935 to eat beetles in sugar cane, but they spread across much of northern Australia, and animals like quolls die when they eat these poisonous toads.

Who acts: toads, animals · What happens: bring, eat, spread, die · To what, where: Cane toads, Australia, 1935, beetles, sugar cane, much

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils and runaway camels and toads» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (toads, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cane	cane	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 toads	compound
2	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 brought	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 brought	aux:pass
4	brought	bring	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 Australia	case
6	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 brought	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 1935	case
8	1935	1935	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 brought	obl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 eat	mark
10	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 brought	advcl
11	beetles	beetle	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 eat	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 cane	case
13	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 cane	compound
14	cane	cane	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 beetles	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 spread	punct
16	but	but	CCONJ	_	18 spread	cc
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 spread	nsubj
18	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 brought	conj
19	across	across	ADP	_	20 much	case
20	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 spread	obl
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 Australia	case
22	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 Australia	amod
23	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 much	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 die	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 die	cc
26	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 die	nsubj
27	like	like	ADP	_	28 quolls	case
28	quolls	quoll	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 animals	nmod
29	die	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 brought	conj
30	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	32 eat	advmod
31	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 eat	nsubj
32	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 die	advcl
33	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	35 toads	det
34	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 toads	amod
35	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 eat	obj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 brought	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	bring	past · passive		Cane toads	Australia	1935	vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to australia=Destination
2	eat	to-infinitive		beetles		sugar cane	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beetle=Patient
3	spread	past	toads = toad			much of northern Australia	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across much=Destination
4	die	present	animals like quolls				vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
5	eat	present	animals = animal	this poisonous toads			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toad=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads/15/