The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings, sentence 3
Old stories, a 1958 nature film and a computer game made people think lemmings jump off cliffs together on purpose; they do not, and the film's lemmings were pushed off a cliff by the people making it.
Who acts: Old stories, people, lemmings · What happens: make, think, jump off, push off · To what, where: people, cliffs, purpose, lemmings · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old stories, people, lemmings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 stories | amod |
| 2 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 made | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 film | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 film | det |
| 5 | 1958 | 1958 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 nature | nummod |
| 6 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 film | compound |
| 7 | film | film | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 stories | appos |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 game | cc |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 game | det |
| 10 | computer | computer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 game | compound |
| 11 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 film | conj |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 made | obj |
| 14 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 made | xcomp |
| 15 | lemmings | lemming | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 jump | nsubj |
| 16 | jump | jump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 think | ccomp |
| 17 | off | off | ADP | _ | 18 cliffs | case |
| 18 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 jump | obl |
| 19 | together | together | ADV | _ | 16 jump | advmod |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 purpose | case |
| 21 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 jump | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 do | punct |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 do | nsubj |
| 24 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 made | conj |
| 25 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 do | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 pushed | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 pushed | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 film | det |
| 29 | film | film | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 lemmings | nmod:poss |
| 30 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 29 film | case |
| 31 | lemmings | lemming | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 pushed | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 pushed | aux:pass |
| 33 | pushed | push | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 made | conj |
| 34 | off | off | ADP | _ | 33 pushed | compound:prt |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 cliff | det |
| 36 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 pushed | obj |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 39 people | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 people | det |
| 39 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 pushed | obl:agent |
| 40 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 people | acl |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 making | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | Old stories | people | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | present | people not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | jump off | present | lemmings | cliffs | purpose | together property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent cliff=Theme on purpose=Trajectory | ||
| 4 | push off | past · passive | the people | the film's lemmings | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme cliff=Destination | ||||
| 5 | make | gerund | the people not said here | purpose | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/3/