The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings, sentence 7
Lemmings do not jump off cliffs on purpose to die; their numbers rise and fall in cycles, and when crowded they spread out and some drown crossing water.
Who acts: Lemmings, numbers · What happens: not jump off, die, rise, fall, spread out, cross · To what, where: cliffs, purpose, cycles
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lemmings, numbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lemmings | lemming | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 jump | nsubj |
| 2 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 jump | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 jump | advmod |
| 4 | jump | jump | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | off | off | ADP | _ | 4 jump | compound:prt |
| 6 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 jump | obj |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 purpose | case |
| 8 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 jump | obl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 die | mark |
| 10 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 jump | advcl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 rise | punct |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 numbers | nmod:poss |
| 13 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 rise | nsubj |
| 14 | rise | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 jump | parataxis |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 fall | cc |
| 16 | fall | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 rise | conj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 cycles | case |
| 18 | cycles | cycle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 rise | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 crowded | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 crowded | cc |
| 21 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 22 crowded | advmod |
| 22 | crowded | crowded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 jump | conj |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 spread | nsubj |
| 24 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 crowded | ccomp |
| 25 | out | out | ADV | _ | 24 spread | advmod |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 water | cc |
| 27 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 30 water | det |
| 28 | drown | drown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 water | amod |
| 29 | crossing | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 water | amod |
| 30 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 jump | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 jump | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not jump off | present · do-support | Lemmings | cliffs | purpose | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent cliff=Theme on purpose=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | die | to-infinitive | Lemmings not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | rise | present | lemmings's numbers | cycles | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cycle=Location | ||||
| 4 | fall | present | lemmings's numbers not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | spread out | past | numbers = number | out property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | cross | gerund | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/7/