The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 11

Ringed seals dig snow caves on the ice to hide their pups and keep breathing holes open by scratching the ice with strong claws.

Who acts: Ringed seals, holes · What happens: dig, hide, keep, breathe, scratch · To what, where: snow caves, ice, pups, holes

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ringed seals, holes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ringed	ringed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 seals	amod
2	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dig	nsubj
3	dig	dig	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caves	compound
5	caves	cave	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dig	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 ice	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ice	det
8	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dig	obl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 hide	mark
10	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 dig	advcl
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 pups	nmod:poss
12	pups	pup	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 hide	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 keep	cc
14	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 hide	conj
15	breathing	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 keep	xcomp
16	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 keep	obj
17	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 breathing	xcomp
18	by	by	SCONJ	_	19 scratching	mark
19	scratching	scratch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 open	advcl
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 ice	det
21	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 scratching	obj
22	with	with	ADP	_	24 claws	case
23	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 claws	amod
24	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 scratching	obl
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dig	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	dig	present	Ringed seals	snow caves	the ice		vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cave=Theme on ice=Location
2	hide	to-infinitive	Ringed seals not said here	seals's pups			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pup=Patient
3	keep	infinitive	Ringed seals not said here	holes			tree rules
4	breathe	gerund	holes not said here			open property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	scratch	gerund	holes not said here	the ice		with strong claws	vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Patient with claw=Instrument

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/11/