The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid and life under the ice, sentence 14
In 2021 scientists drilling through about nine hundred metres of ice found sponges living on a rock underneath, far from open water and sunlight.
Who acts: scientists, sponges · What happens: drill, find, live · To what, where: hundred metres, sponges, 2021, rock, underneath
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid and life under the ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, sponges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 2021 | case |
| 2 | 2021 | 2021 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 found | obl |
| 3 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 found | nsubj |
| 4 | drilling | drill | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 scientists | acl |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 9 metres | case |
| 6 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 hundred | advmod |
| 7 | nine | nine | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 hundred | compound |
| 8 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 metres | nummod |
| 9 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 drilling | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 metres | case |
| 11 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 metres | nmod |
| 12 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | sponges | sponge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 found | obj |
| 14 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 sponges | acl |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 underneath | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 rock | det |
| 17 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 living | obl |
| 18 | underneath | underneath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 living | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 far | punct |
| 20 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 living | advmod |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 water | case |
| 22 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 water | amod |
| 23 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 far | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 sunlight | cc |
| 25 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 water | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 found | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drill | gerund | scientists not said here | hundred metres ice | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | find | past | scientists | sponges | 2021 | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sponge=Topic | |||
| 3 | live | gerund | sponges not said here | a rock | underneath | far property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on underneath=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice/14/