Vents and trenches: tubeworms, iron snails, the Challenger Deep and life without sunlight, sentence 12
Before vents were found in 1977, scientists thought all life on Earth depended on sunlight; some scientists now think life on Earth may have started at vents, but nobody knows for sure.
Who acts: scientists, life, nobody · What happens: find, think, depend, start, know · To what, where: vents, 1977 · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Vents and trenches: tubeworms, iron snails, the Challenger Deep and life without sunlight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, life, nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Before | before | SCONJ | _ | 4 found | mark |
| 2 | vents | vent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 found | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 found | aux:pass |
| 4 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 thought | advcl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1977 | case |
| 6 | 1977 | 1977 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 found | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 found | punct |
| 8 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 thought | nsubj |
| 9 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 life | det |
| 11 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 depended | nsubj |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 Earth | case |
| 13 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 life | nmod |
| 14 | depended | depend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 thought | ccomp |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 sunlight | case |
| 16 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 depended | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 think | punct |
| 18 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 19 scientists | det |
| 19 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 think | nsubj |
| 20 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 think | advmod |
| 21 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 depended | conj |
| 22 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 started | nsubj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 Earth | case |
| 24 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 life | nmod |
| 25 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 started | aux |
| 26 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 started | aux |
| 27 | started | start | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 think | ccomp |
| 28 | at | at | ADP | _ | 29 vents | case |
| 29 | vents | vent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 started | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 knows | punct |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 33 knows | cc |
| 32 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 33 knows | nsubj |
| 33 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 think | conj |
| 34 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 sure | case |
| 35 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 knows | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past · passive | vents | 1977 | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | scientists | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | depend | past | all life on Earth | on sunlight | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on sunlight=Theme | ||||
| 4 | think speech: other | infinitive | some scientists | now | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | start | may · perfect | life on Earth | vents | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | know | present | nobody | for sure | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight/12/