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Vents and trenches: tubeworms, iron snails, the Challenger Deep and life without sunlight, sentence 12

Before vents were found in 1977, scientists thought all life on Earth depended on sunlight; some scientists now think life on Earth may have started at vents, but nobody knows for sure.

Who acts: scientists, life, nobody · What happens: find, think, depend, start, know · To what, where: vents, 1977 · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Vents and trenches: tubeworms, iron snails, the Challenger Deep and life without sunlight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, life, nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

marknsubjaux:passadvclcaseoblpunctnsubjdetnsubjcasenmodccompcaseoblpunctdetnsubjadvmodconjnsubjcasenmodauxauxccompcaseoblpunctccnsubjconjcaseoblpunctrootBeforeSCONJventsNOUNwereAUXfoundVERBinADP1977NUM,PUNCTscientistsNOUNthoughtVERBallDETlifeNOUNonADPEarthPROPNdependedVERBonADPsunlightNOUN;PUNCTsomeDETscientistsNOUNnowADVthinkVERBlifeNOUNonADPEarthPROPNmayAUXhaveAUXstartedVERBatADPventsNOUN,PUNCTbutCCONJnobodyPRONknowsVERBforADPsureADJ.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1BeforebeforeSCONJ_4 foundmark
2ventsventNOUNNumber=Plur4 foundnsubj
3werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 foundaux:pass
4foundfindVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass9 thoughtadvcl
5ininADP_6 1977case
619771977NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card4 foundobl
7,,PUNCT_4 foundpunct
8scientistsscientistNOUNNumber=Plur9 thoughtnsubj
9thoughtthinkVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
10allallDETPronType=Tot11 lifedet
11lifelifeNOUNNumber=Sing14 dependednsubj
12ononADP_13 Earthcase
13EarthEarthPROPNNumber=Sing11 lifenmod
14dependeddependVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin9 thoughtccomp
15ononADP_16 sunlightcase
16sunlightsunlightNOUNNumber=Sing14 dependedobl
17;;PUNCT_21 thinkpunct
18somesomeDETPronType=Ind19 scientistsdet
19scientistsscientistNOUNNumber=Plur21 thinknsubj
20nownowADVPronType=Dem21 thinkadvmod
21thinkthinkVERBVerbForm=Inf14 dependedconj
22lifelifeNOUNNumber=Sing27 startednsubj
23ononADP_24 Earthcase
24EarthEarthPROPNNumber=Sing22 lifenmod
25maymayAUXVerbForm=Fin27 startedaux
26havehaveAUXVerbForm=Inf27 startedaux
27startedstartVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part21 thinkccomp
28atatADP_29 ventscase
29ventsventNOUNNumber=Plur27 startedobl
30,,PUNCT_33 knowspunct
31butbutCCONJ_33 knowscc
32nobodynobodyPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Neg33 knowsnsubj
33knowsknowVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin21 thinkconj
34forforADP_35 surecase
35suresureADJDegree=Pos33 knowsobl
36..PUNCT_9 thoughtpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
narrate
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1findpast · passivevents1977vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2think speech: otherpastscientistsvn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3dependpastall life on Earthon sunlightvn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on sunlight=Theme
4think speech: otherinfinitivesome scientistsnowvn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5startmay · perfectlife on Earthventsvn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
6knowpresentnobodyfor surevn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight/12/