The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions, sentence 14

Male frigatebirds puff up a big red throat pouch to attract females, and frigatebirds can stay in the air for weeks without landing.

Who acts: Male frigatebirds, frigatebirds · What happens: puff up, attract, stay, land · To what, where: big red throat pouch, females, air

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male frigatebirds, frigatebirds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 frigatebirds	amod
2	frigatebirds	frigatebird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 puff	nsubj
3	puff	puff	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 puff	compound:prt
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 pouch	det
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 pouch	amod
7	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 pouch	amod
8	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pouch	compound
9	pouch	pouch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 puff	obj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 attract	mark
11	attract	attract	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 puff	advcl
12	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 attract	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 stay	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 stay	cc
15	frigatebirds	frigatebird	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 stay	nsubj
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 stay	aux
17	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 puff	conj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 air	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 air	det
20	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 stay	obl
21	for	for	ADP	_	22 weeks	case
22	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 stay	obl
23	without	without	SCONJ	_	24 landing	mark
24	landing	land	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 stay	advcl
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 puff	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	puff up	present	Male frigatebirds	a big red throat pouch			vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pouch=Source
2	attract	to-infinitive	Male frigatebirds not said here	females			vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent female=Patient
3	stay	can	frigatebirds		the air	week	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location
4	land	gerund	frigatebirds not said here				vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/14/