The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions, sentence 6
The marine iguana is the only lizard that swims and feeds in the sea; it dives for seaweed, sneezes out extra salt, and can shrink its body, even its bones, in hard years.
Who acts: marine iguana, only lizard, iguana · What happens: be, swim, feed, dive, sneeze out, shrink · To what, where: only lizard, sea, extra salt, body
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (marine iguana, only lizard, iguana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 iguana | det |
| 2 | marine | marine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 iguana | amod |
| 3 | iguana | iguana | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lizard | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 lizard | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 lizard | det |
| 6 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 lizard | amod |
| 7 | lizard | lizard | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 swims | nsubj |
| 9 | swims | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 lizard | acl:relcl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 feeds | cc |
| 11 | feeds | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 swims | conj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 sea | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sea | det |
| 14 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 swims | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 dives | punct |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 dives | nsubj |
| 17 | dives | dive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 lizard | parataxis |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 seaweed | case |
| 19 | seaweed | seaweed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 dives | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 sneezes | punct |
| 21 | sneezes | sneeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 dives | conj |
| 22 | out | out | ADP | _ | 21 sneezes | compound:prt |
| 23 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 salt | amod |
| 24 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sneezes | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 shrink | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 shrink | cc |
| 27 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 shrink | aux |
| 28 | shrink | shrink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 lizard | conj |
| 29 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 body | nmod:poss |
| 30 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 shrink | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 bones | punct |
| 32 | even | even | ADV | _ | 34 bones | advmod |
| 33 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 bones | nmod:poss |
| 34 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 body | appos |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 years | punct |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 years | case |
| 37 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 years | amod |
| 38 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 shrink | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 lizard | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the marine iguana | the only lizard | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | swim | present | the only lizard | the sea | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | feed | present | the only lizard not said here | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | dive | present | iguana | for seaweed | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for seaweed=Theme | ||||
| 5 | sneeze out | present | iguana not said here | extra salt | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | shrink | can | the marine iguana not said here | iguana's body | year | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent body=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/6/