Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the dodo, red crabs, kakapos, giants and dwarfs, sentence 10

On islands such as Sicily and Crete, elephants once shrank to the size of a pony; some scientists think their skulls, with one big hole for the trunk, gave rise to stories of one-eyed giants.

Who acts: elephants, scientists, skulls · What happens: shrink, think, give · To what, where: islands, rise, stories · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the dodo, red crabs, kakapos, giants and dwarfs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephants, scientists, skulls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	2 islands	case
2	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 shrank	obl
3	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	4 as	fixed
4	as	as	ADP	_	5 Sicily	case
5	Sicily	Sicily	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 islands	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 Crete	cc
7	Crete	Crete	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Sicily	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 islands	punct
9	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 shrank	nsubj
10	once	once	ADV	_	11 shrank	advmod
11	shrank	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 size	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 size	det
14	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 shrank	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 pony	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 pony	det
17	pony	pony	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 size	nmod
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 think	punct
19	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	20 scientists	det
20	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 think	nsubj
21	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 shrank	parataxis
22	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 skulls	nmod:poss
23	skulls	skull	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 gave	nsubj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 gave	punct
25	with	with	ADP	_	28 hole	case
26	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	28 hole	nummod
27	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 hole	amod
28	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 gave	nsubj
29	for	for	ADP	_	31 trunk	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 trunk	det
31	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 hole	nmod
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 trunk	punct
33	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 think	ccomp
34	rise	rise	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 gave	obj
35	to	to	ADP	_	36 stories	case
36	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 gave	obl
37	of	of	ADP	_	41 giants	case
38	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	41 giants	nummod
39	-	-	PUNCT	_	38 one	punct
40	eyed	eyed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 giants	amod
41	giants	giant	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 stories	nmod
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 shrank	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	shrink	past	elephants			islands as Sicily and Crete	to the size of a pony result; once property	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent to size=Result
2	think speech: other	present	some scientists					vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	give	past	scientists's skulls	rise	stories of one eyed giants			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent rise=Theme to story=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs/10/