Deserts of the world: fennec foxes, fog-drinking beetles, camels and silver ants, sentence 13

A cactus stores water in its stem and swells after rain; its spines are changed leaves that shade it and stop animals eating it, and a big saguaro can hold over a thousand litres.

Who acts: cactus, spines, changed leaves, animals, big saguaro · What happens: store, swell, change, be, shade, stop · To what, where: water, stem, changed leaves, cactus, animals, thousand litres

This is a sentence of the lesson «Deserts of the world: fennec foxes, fog-drinking beetles, camels and silver ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cactus, spines, changed leaves, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cactus	det
2	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stores	nsubj
3	stores	store	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stores	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 stem	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 stem	nmod:poss
7	stem	stem	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stores	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 swells	cc
9	swells	swell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stores	conj
10	after	after	ADP	_	11 rain	case
11	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 swells	obl
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 stores	punct
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 spines	nmod:poss
14	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 leaves	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 leaves	cop
16	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 leaves	amod
17	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stores	parataxis
18	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 shade	nsubj
19	shade	shade	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 leaves	acl:relcl
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 shade	obj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 stop	cc
22	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 shade	conj
23	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 stop	obj
24	eating	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	23 animals	acl
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 eating	obj
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 hold	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 hold	cc
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 saguaro	det
29	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 saguaro	amod
30	saguaro	saguaro	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 hold	nsubj
31	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	32 hold	aux
32	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 stores	conj
33	over	over	ADV	_	35 thousand	advmod
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	35 thousand	det
35	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	36 litres	nummod
36	litres	litre	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 hold	obj
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stores	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	store	present	a cactus	water	cactus's stem		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent water=Theme in stem=Location
2	swell	present	a cactus not said here			after rain	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	change	participle					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is a	present	cactus's spines	changed leaves			tree rules
5	shade	present	changed leaves	cactus			vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary
6	stop	present	changed leaves not said here	animals			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality animal=Eventuality
7	eat	gerund	animals not said here	cactus			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
8	hold	can	a big saguaro	thousand litres			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Theme
9	stem		cactus				nom stem «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:182-deserts-of-the-world-fennec-foxes-fog-drinking-beetles-camels-and-silver-ants.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/182-deserts-of-the-world-fennec-foxes-fog-drinking-beetles-camels-and-silver-ants/13/