Mountains of the world: snow leopards, high-flying geese, condors and Everest spiders, sentence 2
Picture a goat standing on a cliff so steep you could not climb it with your hands: its hooves have soft pads that grip like the soles of trainers and hard edges that dig in.
Who acts: you, goat, hooves, soft pads, hard edges · What happens: picture, stand, not climb, have, grip, dig in · To what, where: goat, cliff, soft pads
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains of the world: snow leopards, high-flying geese, condors and Everest spiders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, goat, hooves, soft pads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Picture | picture | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 goat | det |
| 3 | goat | goat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obj |
| 4 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 goat | acl |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 cliff | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 cliff | det |
| 7 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 standing | obl |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 steep | advmod |
| 9 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 cliff | amod |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 climb | nsubj |
| 11 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 climb | aux |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 climb | advmod |
| 13 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 steep | advcl |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 climb | obj |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 hands | case |
| 16 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 hands | nmod:poss |
| 17 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 climb | obl |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 have | punct |
| 19 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 hooves | nmod:poss |
| 20 | hooves | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 have | nsubj |
| 21 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Picture | parataxis |
| 22 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 pads | amod |
| 23 | pads | pad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 have | obj |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 grip | nsubj |
| 25 | grip | grip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 pads | acl:relcl |
| 26 | like | like | ADP | _ | 28 soles | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 soles | det |
| 28 | soles | sole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 grip | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 trainers | case |
| 30 | trainers | trainer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 soles | nmod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 edges | cc |
| 32 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 edges | amod |
| 33 | edges | edge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 soles | conj |
| 34 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 dig | nsubj |
| 35 | dig | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 edges | acl:relcl |
| 36 | in | in | ADV | _ | 35 dig | advmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Picture | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | picture | imperative | you not said here | a goat | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent goat=Theme | ||||
| 2 | stand | gerund | a goat not said here | a cliff | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on cliff=Location | ||||
| 3 | not climb | could | you | goat | with your hands | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location it=Theme | |||
| 4 | have | present | goat's hooves | soft pads | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pad=Patient | ||||
| 5 | grip | present | soft pads | like the soles of trainers and hard edges | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | dig in | present | hard edges | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:183-mountains-of-the-world-snow-leopards-high-flying-geese-condors-and-everest-spiders.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/183-mountains-of-the-world-snow-leopards-high-flying-geese-condors-and-everest-spiders/2/