Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant catfish and the Pantanal, sentence 5

Hippos yawn widely to show their huge teeth as a warning; they are very territorial and are often said to kill more people in Africa than lions do.

Who acts: Hippos · What happens: yawn, show, be, say, kill · To what, where: huge teeth, more people, Africa · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant catfish and the Pantanal» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hippos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hippos	hippo	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 yawn	nsubj
2	yawn	yawn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	widely	widely	ADV	_	2 yawn	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 show	mark
5	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 yawn	advcl
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 teeth	nmod:poss
7	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 teeth	amod
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 show	obj
9	as	as	ADP	_	11 warning	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 warning	det
11	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 show	obl
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 territorial	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 territorial	nsubj
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 territorial	cop
15	very	very	ADV	_	16 territorial	advmod
16	territorial	territorial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 yawn	parataxis
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 said	cc
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 said	aux:pass
19	often	often	ADV	_	20 said	advmod
20	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 territorial	conj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 kill	mark
22	kill	kill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 said	xcomp
23	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	24 people	amod
24	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 kill	obj
25	in	in	ADP	_	26 Africa	case
26	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 kill	obl
27	than	than	SCONJ	_	29 do	mark
28	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 do	nsubj
29	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 kill	advcl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 yawn	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	yawn	present	Hippos			widely property	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	show	to-infinitive	Hippos not said here	Hippos's huge teeth		as a warning	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tooth=Recipient
3	is	present	Hippos = hippo			territorial property	tree rules
4	say speech: assert	present · passive	Hippos = hippo not said here			often property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: clause=Topic
5	kill	to-infinitive	Hippos = hippo not said here	more people	Africa		vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal/5/