Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest, sentence 5
The peregrine falcon is the fastest animal, diving at over three hundred kilometres an hour with its wings folded like a bullet, and bumps in its nostrils help it breathe.
Who acts: peregrine falcon, bumps, bullet · What happens: be, dive, fold, help, breathe · To what, where: fastest animal, hundred kilometres, wings, bullet
This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peregrine falcon, bumps, bullet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 falcon | det |
| 2 | peregrine | peregrine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 falcon | compound |
| 3 | falcon | falcon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 animal | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 animal | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 animal | det |
| 6 | fastest | fast | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 animal | amod |
| 7 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 diving | punct |
| 9 | diving | dive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 animal | advcl |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 kilometres | case |
| 11 | over | over | ADV | _ | 13 hundred | advmod |
| 12 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 hundred | compound |
| 13 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 kilometres | nummod |
| 14 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 diving | obl |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 hour | det |
| 16 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 kilometres | appos |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 wings | case |
| 18 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 wings | nmod:poss |
| 19 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 diving | obl |
| 20 | folded | fold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 wings | acl |
| 21 | like | like | ADP | _ | 23 bullet | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 bullet | det |
| 23 | bullet | bullet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 folded | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 help | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 help | cc |
| 26 | bumps | bump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 help | nsubj |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 nostrils | case |
| 28 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 nostrils | nmod:poss |
| 29 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 bumps | nmod |
| 30 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 animal | conj |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 help | obj |
| 32 | breathe | breathe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 help | xcomp |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 animal | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the peregrine falcon | the fastest animal | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | dive | gerund | the peregrine falcon not said here | hundred kilometres | with animal's wings | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at kilometre=Location | |||
| 3 | fold | participle | animal's wings not said here | like a bullet | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | help | present | bumps in bullet's nostrils | bullet | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | breathe | infinitive | bullet not said here | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/5/