Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest, sentence 2
At the other end, a bat smaller than your thumb, a hummingbird hardly bigger than a bee and a frog that sits on a fingernail all live on the edge, because tiny bodies lose heat very fast.
Who acts: frog, bat, tiny bodies · What happens: sit, live, lose · To what, where: fingernail, other end, heat
This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frog, bat, tiny bodies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 4 end | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 end | det |
| 3 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 end | amod |
| 4 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 live | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 end | punct |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 bat | det |
| 7 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 live | nsubj |
| 8 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 bat | acl |
| 9 | than | than | ADP | _ | 11 thumb | case |
| 10 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 thumb | nmod:poss |
| 11 | thumb | thumb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 smaller | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 hummingbird | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 hummingbird | det |
| 14 | hummingbird | hummingbird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bat | conj |
| 15 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 16 bigger | advmod |
| 16 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 14 hummingbird | acl |
| 17 | than | than | ADP | _ | 19 bee | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 bee | det |
| 19 | bee | bee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 bigger | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 frog | cc |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 frog | det |
| 22 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bat | conj |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 sits | nsubj |
| 24 | sits | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 frog | acl:relcl |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 fingernail | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 fingernail | det |
| 27 | fingernail | fingernail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sits | obl |
| 28 | all | all | ADV | _ | 29 live | advmod |
| 29 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 edge | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 edge | det |
| 32 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 live | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 live | punct |
| 34 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 37 lose | mark |
| 35 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 bodies | amod |
| 36 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 lose | nsubj |
| 37 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 live | advcl |
| 38 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 lose | obj |
| 39 | very | very | ADV | _ | 40 fast | advmod |
| 40 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 37 lose | advmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 29 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | present | a frog | a fingernail | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on fingernail=Location | ||||
| 2 | live | present | a bat and a hummingbird and a frog | at the other end | on the edge; all property | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at end=Location | |||
| 3 | lose | present | tiny bodies | heat | fast property | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/2/