Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest, sentence 7

The bumblebee bat, about the size of a big bumblebee and weighing about two grams, is one of the smallest mammals, and small bodies need little food but lose heat fast.

Who acts: bumblebee bat, small bodies · What happens: weigh, be, need, lose · To what, where: two grams, one, little food, heat

This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bumblebee bat, small bodies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 bat	det
2	bumblebee	bumblebee	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bat	compound
3	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 one	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 size	punct
5	about	about	ADP	_	7 size	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 size	det
7	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bat	appos
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 bumblebee	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bumblebee	det
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 bumblebee	amod
11	bumblebee	bumblebee	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 size	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 weighing	cc
13	weighing	weigh	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 size	conj
14	about	about	ADV	_	15 two	advmod
15	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 grams	nummod
16	grams	gram	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 weighing	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 bat	punct
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 one	cop
19	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
20	of	of	ADP	_	23 mammals	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 mammals	det
22	smallest	small	ADJ	Degree=Sup	23 mammals	amod
23	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 one	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 need	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 need	cc
26	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 bodies	amod
27	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 need	nsubj
28	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 one	conj
29	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 food	amod
30	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 need	obj
31	but	but	CCONJ	_	32 lose	cc
32	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 need	conj
33	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 lose	obj
34	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	32 lose	advmod
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	19 one	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	weigh	gerund	the bumblebee bat not said here	two grams		vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme gram=Value
2	is a	present	the bumblebee bat	one	of the smallest mammals	tree rules
3	need	present	small bodies	little food		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot food=Theme
4	lose	present	small bodies not said here	heat	fast property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/7/