Record-breakers: the loudest and the longest-lived, sentence 4

The sperm whale makes the loudest sound of any animal; its clicks are made in its huge head, focused like a beam, and could hurt a diver very close by.

Who acts: sperm whale, animal · What happens: make, focus, hurt, click · To what, where: loudest sound, clicks, huge head, diver

This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the loudest and the longest-lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sperm whale, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 whale	det
2	sperm	sperm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 whale	compound
3	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	nsubj
4	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sound	det
6	loudest	loud	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 sound	amod
7	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 animal	case
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 animal	det
10	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sound	nmod
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 made	punct
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 clicks	nmod:poss
13	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 made	nsubj:pass
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 made	aux:pass
15	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 makes	parataxis
16	in	in	ADP	_	19 head	case
17	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 head	nmod:poss
18	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 head	amod
19	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 made	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 focused	punct
21	focused	focus	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 made	conj
22	like	like	ADP	_	24 beam	case
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 beam	det
24	beam	beam	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 focused	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 hurt	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 hurt	cc
27	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 hurt	aux
28	hurt	hurt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 makes	conj
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 diver	det
30	diver	diver	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 hurt	obj
31	very	very	ADV	_	32 close	advmod
32	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 diver	amod
33	by	by	ADV	_	32 close	advmod
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 makes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make	present	the sperm whale	the loudest sound of any animal			vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Product
2	make	present · passive		animal's clicks	animal's huge head		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
3	focus	participle				like a beam	vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
4	hurt	could	the sperm whale not said here	a diver			vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer diver=Patient
5	click		animal				nom click «event transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived/4/