Record-breakers: the loudest and the longest-lived, sentence 6

Cicadas are among the loudest insects; males click drum-like plates on their bodies, and some American cicadas spend thirteen or seventeen years underground before coming out together.

Who acts: Cicadas, males, American cicadas · What happens: be, click, spend, come out · To what, where: like plates

This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the loudest and the longest-lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cicadas, males, American cicadas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cicadas	cicada	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 insects	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 insects	cop
3	among	among	ADP	_	6 insects	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 insects	det
5	loudest	loud	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 insects	amod
6	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 click	punct
8	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 click	nsubj
9	click	click	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 insects	parataxis
10	drum	drum	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 like	compound
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 like	punct
12	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 plates	amod
13	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 click	obj
14	on	on	ADP	_	16 bodies	case
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 bodies	nmod:poss
16	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 click	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 spend	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 spend	cc
19	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	21 cicadas	det
20	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 cicadas	amod
21	cicadas	cicada	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 spend	nsubj
22	spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 click	conj
23	thirteen	thirteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	26 years	nummod
24	or	or	CCONJ	_	25 seventeen	cc
25	seventeen	seventeen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	23 thirteen	conj
26	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 spend	obj
27	underground	underground	ADV	_	22 spend	advmod
28	before	before	SCONJ	_	29 coming	mark
29	coming	come	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	22 spend	advcl
30	out	out	ADV	_	29 coming	advmod
31	together	together	ADV	_	29 coming	advmod
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 insects	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Cicadas			among the loudest insects	tree rules
2	click	present	males	like plates		on males's bodies	vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent plate=Instrument on body=Patient
3	spend	present	some American cicadas		year	underground property	vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	come out	gerund	some American cicadas not said here			out, together property	vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived/6/