Masters of camouflage, sentence 7

Cuttlefish change colour and pattern in less than a second using skin cells that stretch and shrink, and they can ripple moving stripes over their bodies, which may confuse prey.

Who acts: skin cells, cells, bodies · What happens: use, stretch, shrink, ripple, move, confuse · To what, where: skin cells, stripes, bodies, prey

This is a sentence of the lesson «Masters of camouflage» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (skin cells, cells, bodies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cuttlefish	cuttlefish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 change	nsubj
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 change	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 pattern	cc
5	pattern	pattern	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 colour	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 less	case
7	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 colour	amod
8	than	than	ADP	_	7 less	fixed
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 second	det
10	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 less	obl
11	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 second	advcl
12	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 cells	compound
13	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 using	obj
14	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 stretch	nsubj
15	stretch	stretch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 cells	acl:relcl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 shrink	cc
17	shrink	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 stretch	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 ripple	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 ripple	cc
20	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 ripple	nsubj
21	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 ripple	aux
22	ripple	ripple	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 using	advcl
23	moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	22 ripple	xcomp
24	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 ripple	obj
25	over	over	ADP	_	27 bodies	case
26	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 bodies	nmod:poss
27	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 moving	obl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 confuse	punct
29	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	31 confuse	nsubj
30	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 confuse	aux
31	confuse	confuse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 bodies	acl:relcl
32	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 confuse	obj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 change	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	use	gerund		skin cells		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient
2	stretch	present	skin cells			vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	shrink	present	skin cells not said here			vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	ripple	can	cells = cell	stripes		tree rules
5	move	gerund	cells = cell not said here		cells's bodies	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme over body=Trajectory
6	confuse	may	cells's bodies	prey		vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:189-masters-of-camouflage.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/189-masters-of-camouflage/7/