Strange discoveries: living fossils, hidden apes and animals found in drawers, sentence 13
Bone-eating worms, discovered on a whale skeleton in 2002, have no mouth or stomach, use roots to eat bones, and help break down whale skeletons.
Who acts: eating worms · What happens: eat, discover, have, use, help, break down · To what, where: eating worms, whale skeleton, mouth, roots, bones, whale skeletons
This is a sentence of the lesson «Strange discoveries: living fossils, hidden apes and animals found in drawers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eating worms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 eating | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Bone | punct |
| 3 | eating | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 worms | amod |
| 4 | worms | worm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 have | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 discovered | punct |
| 6 | discovered | discover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 worms | acl |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 skeleton | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 skeleton | det |
| 9 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 skeleton | compound |
| 10 | skeleton | skeleton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 discovered | obl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 2002 | case |
| 12 | 2002 | 2002 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 discovered | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 worms | punct |
| 14 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 16 mouth | det |
| 16 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 have | obj |
| 17 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 stomach | cc |
| 18 | stomach | stomach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 mouth | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 use | punct |
| 20 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 have | conj |
| 21 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 use | obj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 eat | mark |
| 23 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 use | advcl |
| 24 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 eat | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 help | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 help | cc |
| 27 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 use | conj |
| 28 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 help | xcomp |
| 29 | down | down | ADP | _ | 28 break | compound:prt |
| 30 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 skeletons | compound |
| 31 | skeletons | skeleton | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 break | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | gerund | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | discover | participle | eating worms not said here | a whale skeleton | in 2002 | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | have | present | eating worms | no mouth or stomach | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouth=Patient | ||||
| 4 | use | present | eating worms not said here | roots | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient | ||||
| 5 | eat | to-infinitive | eating worms not said here | bones | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient | ||||
| 6 | help | infinitive | eating worms not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | break down | infinitive | eating worms not said here | whale skeletons | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skeleton=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers/13/