Myths and cartoons put right: Tom and Jerry, elephants and mice, ostriches and more, sentence 12

Porcupines cannot shoot their quills; the quills come off easily when touched and stick into the attacker, and lions and leopards are sometimes badly hurt by them.

Who acts: Porcupines, quills · What happens: not shoot, come off, touch, stick, hurt · To what, where: quills, attacker, lions

This is a sentence of the lesson «Myths and cartoons put right: Tom and Jerry, elephants and mice, ostriches and more» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Porcupines, quills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Porcupines	porcupine	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shoot	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 shoot	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 shoot	advmod
4	shoot	shoot	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 quills	nmod:poss
6	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shoot	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 come	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 quills	det
9	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 come	nsubj
10	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shoot	parataxis
11	off	off	ADP	_	10 come	compound:prt
12	easily	easily	ADV	_	10 come	advmod
13	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	14 touched	advmod
14	touched	touch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 come	advcl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 stick	cc
16	stick	stick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 come	conj
17	into	into	ADP	_	19 attacker	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 attacker	det
19	attacker	attacker	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 stick	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 hurt	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 hurt	cc
22	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 hurt	nsubj:pass
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 leopards	cc
24	leopards	leopard	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 lions	conj
25	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 hurt	aux:pass
26	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	28 hurt	advmod
27	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	28 hurt	advmod
28	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 stick	conj
29	by	by	ADP	_	30 them	case
30	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 hurt	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 shoot	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not shoot	can	Porcupines	Porcupines's quills			vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quill=Theme
2	come off	present	the quills			easily property	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
3	touch	participle	the quills not said here				vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	stick	infinitive	the quills not said here		the attacker		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into attacker=Destination
5	hurt	present · passive	Porcupines = porcupine	lions and leopards		badly, sometimes property	vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:191-myths-and-cartoons-put-right.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/191-myths-and-cartoons-put-right/12/