Training a dog with rewards and patience, sentence 8
A dog pulls on the lead because pulling got it where it wanted to go; it also walks faster than us, so walking nicely beside a person takes practice and rewards.
Who acts: dog, pulling, walking · What happens: pull, get, want, go, walk, take · To what, where: dog, practice
This is a sentence of the lesson «Training a dog with rewards and patience» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog, pulling, walking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 dog | det |
| 2 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pulls | nsubj |
| 3 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 lead | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 lead | det |
| 6 | lead | lead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pulls | obl |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 9 got | mark |
| 8 | pulling | pulling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 got | nsubj |
| 9 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 pulls | advcl |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 got | obj |
| 11 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 13 wanted | advmod |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 wanted | nsubj |
| 13 | wanted | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 got | advcl |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 go | mark |
| 15 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 wanted | xcomp |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 walks | punct |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 walks | nsubj |
| 18 | also | also | ADV | _ | 19 walks | advmod |
| 19 | walks | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 pulls | parataxis |
| 20 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 19 walks | advmod |
| 21 | than | than | ADP | _ | 22 us | case |
| 22 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 faster | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 takes | punct |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 takes | advmod |
| 25 | walking | walk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 takes | csubj |
| 26 | nicely | nicely | ADV | _ | 25 walking | advmod |
| 27 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 29 person | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 person | det |
| 29 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 walking | obl |
| 30 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 walks | conj |
| 31 | practice | practice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 takes | obj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 rewards | cc |
| 33 | rewards | reward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 practice | conj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 pulls | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pull | present | a dog | on the lead | vn push-12-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on lead=Theme | ||||
| 2 | get | past | pulling | dog | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | want | past | dog | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | go not said to happen | to-infinitive | dog not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | walk | present | dog | fast property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | walk | gerund | beside a person; nicely property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside person=Trajectory | |||||
| 7 | take | present | walking | practice and rewards | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent practice=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:195-training-a-dog-with-rewards-and-patience.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/195-training-a-dog-with-rewards-and-patience/8/